By Mariya Aminu Bichi

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge, which has accelerated by the misuse of antibiotics worldwide. Increased antimicrobial resistance is the cause of severe infections, complications, longer hospital stays and increased mortality.

MICROORGANISMS AND ANTIBIOTICS

Microorganisms, or microbes, are a diverse group of minute, simple forms of life that include bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. In addition to populating both the inner and outer surfaces of the human body, microorganisms abound in the soil, in the seas, and in the air. Others, however, are harmful to humans, animals, and plants and can cause diseases, such as chicken pox and rubella.

Antibiotics are powerful, lifesaving medications that treat bacterial infections like strep throat and urinary tract infections. But they’re not for every sickness, and they can cause side effects like diarrhea. Learning when you need antibiotics and how to take them properly can help you benefit from these medications with the least risk.

The main cause of antibiotic resistance is antibiotic misuse. When we use antibiotics, some bacteria die but resistant bacteria can survive and even multiply. The misuse of antibiotics makes resistant bacteria more common. This means that antibiotics won’t work when we need them in the future. If we decrease antibiotic use, the antibiotics may again become effective at killing bacteria.

Antibiotics don’t work against all infections

Antibiotics only work against infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotics do not work against viruses that cause colds or the flu.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health issue that can be prevented by 

• Proper antibiotic use 

Use antibiotics only as prescribed by your health care provider. Take the prescribed daily amount. Complete the entire treatment. Tell your health care provider if you have any side effects.

Never take leftover antibiotics for a later illness. They may not be the correct antibiotic and likely don't include a full treatment course.

Do not take medicine a provider prescribed for someone else. Prescriptions are like custom-made outfits. They’re tailored to you and your needs, including the type of infection you have and other factors like your health history and allergies.

Safely throw away unused medicine. Usually, you’ll receive the exact amount of medicine you need. But if you have any medicine left over, ask a pharmacist what to do with it.

• Good hygiene 

Wash your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Clean any cuts or wounds to avoid bacterial infections that need antibiotic treatment.

 • Vaccination 

Vaccines can help prevent infections caused by antimicrobial resistant pathogens, some vaccines protect against bacterial infections, such as diphtheria and whooping cough (pertussis). Get all recommended vaccines. Check to see if you need any vaccines before travel 

• Infection control 

Practice good infection control practices, including training and education on hand hygiene. 

• Prevent viral diseases 

Prevent viral diseases that can lead to secondary bacterial infections. 

• Healthy habits 

Practice healthy habits around animals and prepare food safely.

Anti Drug Misuse and Abuse Program (ADMAP) BUK


Correction: The author's name was incorrectly listed as Yusuf Kanti Yahaya  in the original publication. The correct author's name is Mariya Aminu Bichi for ADMAP-BUK