Jose Wesley, a Brazilian baby shown here on Dec. 23, 2015, was born with microcephaly. His mother was diagnosed with the Zika virus that researchers think may cause the birth defect.
 (AP Photo/Felipe Dana)


By Dr. Zainab Dambazau

Email:theonehealthmessenger@gmail.com


Introduction

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne infection that has caused outbreaks in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. It is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which also spread dengue and chikungunya, and can pose serious health risks, particularly for pregnant women.


What Is Zika Virus?

Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947, but gained global attention during outbreaks in Brazil in 2015. Since then, many countries have reported cases of Zika, including several in sub-Saharan Africa such as Nigeria, Uganda, Senegal, and Angola highlighting the need for effective mosquito control and public awareness.


How Does Zika Virus Spread?

- Mosquito Bites: Day-biting Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus.

- Mother-to-Child: Infection can pass to the fetus.

- Sexual Transmission: Though less common, infection can spread via unprotected sex.


How Can You Recognize the Disease?

Fever, Rash, Joint Pain Red Eyes (Conjunctivitis) • Headache and Fatigue Many have no symptoms at all.


Testing and Diagnosis

A healthcare provider can confirm Zika with a blood or urine test. Early testing is especially important for pregnant women or anyone returning from high-risk areas.


How Can You Stay Safe?

- Prevent Mosquito Bites: Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves, and eliminate standing water

- Practice Safe Sex: Use condoms, especially if you or your partner live in or have visited an affected region

- Seek Medical Advice: Regular antenatal check-ups help protect expectant mothers and babies


What's Being Done to Help?

Vector Control: Communities reduce breeding sites through clean-ups and targeted spraying

Public Awareness: Education campaigns focus on prevention and early detection.

Research & Surveillance: Scientists monitor outbreaks and explore vaccine options


Final Note

Zika virus thrives where mosquitoes flourish. Staying informed, reducing mosquito habitats, and following medical advice help safeguard individuals and communities.